Lathe



Feb. z3, 1937.

w. FERR|s E-r AL LATHB Filed March 22; 1929 7 sheets-sheet 1.

ATToRNEu.

w. FERRls ET A1. 2,071,786 LATHE Filed Marchl 22, 1923 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 .lli

#nu mma wn.. @ma .una

' Feb, 23, 1937.

Feb. 23, .1937.-

W. FERRIS YET AL LATHE Filed March 22,'1929 '7 sheets-sheet 3 Mmmm..

Feb. 23,1937. w. FER'RIS ET A; 2,071,786

LATHE Filed March 22, 1923 '7 Shets-Sheet 5 A '7 Sheets-Sheetv '7 [N VENTOR. I

WHu-Ez Fave/ws Feb. 23, 1937. w. FERRls ET A1.

LATHE Filed March 22, 1923 9S Se 93 IOS F3555 Er@ of the lathe.

lathe.

each carrier.

'rma'in carriage.

Patented Feb. 23, 1937 UNITED STATES lPMENTv OFFICE LATHE Walter Ferris and George H. Fobian, Milwaukee,

l Wis., assignors-to The Oivlge Company, Milwaukee, Wis., .a corporation o Wisconsin Application March 22, 1929, serial No. 349,022"

. '54 Claims. (Cl. 2.9-42) T his invention relates to machine "tools and Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional view on the line particularly to improved feed and control mecha- 9 9 of Fig. 8.

Fig." 101s a plan view of the control mechanism for the main carriage. Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of the mecha- 5 nism shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view on the line l2-I2 of nisms therefor. For purposes of illustration and explanation the invention will be described as embodied in a multiple 'turret lathe although the novel lfeatures thereof may be applied'- tov advantage inbvariousv f other types of machine tools and the like. Fig. 11. o

One objectof the presentpinvention is the pro- Fig. 13 is a sectional view on thev line |3--l3 vision of a wholly automatic machine tool inof Fig. 11. f volving a plurality of carriers capable of execut- Fig. 14 is a sectional view on the line i4|4 of ing different movements during successive stages Fig. 10.

l Fig. 15 is a detail view showing the control mechanism for the cross-slides. ll Figs. 16, 17, and 18 are detail views of one of 15 lthe valves and its coacting cam shown in Fig. 15, and illustrating the action'thereof.

Figs. 19 and 19A together constitute a' diagrammatic illustration of the hydraulic feeding and control circuit and parts connected therewith.

Figs. 20 and 21* are sectional views on a larger scale of the main control 'valve and associated parts shown in Fig. 19A and illustrating two other characteristic positions thereof. y 25 Figs. 22, 23, 24 and 25 are detail sectional views of different marginal portions of a control disk,4 shown in Figs. 1 and 10, together with coacting o parts associated therewith. v

'I'he lathe shown is of the multiple turret type and comprises a bed 20 of conventional design supporting the usual headstock 2| and provided with the usual longitudinal ways 22 upon which the main carriage 23 is mounted for lengthwise travel toward and from the headstock.y A re' r carriage 35 24` and front carriage. 24' are independently mounted on the ways 22 for movement lengthwise of -the bed between the main carriagel and the -head stock. Each of the rear and front carriages 24 and 24 carries a cross-slide 26-26, of a well 40 known type, movable thereon toward and frin the ,longitudinal axis of the bed. Rotatably mounted on the main carriage 23 is a five-position tool-carrying turret 28, and auxiliary two-position tool-carrying turrets 29 and 29 are carried 45 by the cross-slides 26 and 2 6', respectiyely. The Fie. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view 0f the headstock supports the usual chuck 3| driven in main carriage showing the main turretrand indeX- a, wll known manner for receiving androtating ing mechanism therefor. t the work a'.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view on the line v'I'he main turret 28, shown yin detail in Figa-5, 5@ 6 6 of Fig. 5. Sand-7, comprises a hollow casting having-a sub- Fig. 7 is'a transverse sectional view 'of lthe stantiallycylindrical base 32, fitted for rotation in a circular opening 33 formed in the main carriage 23, and a five sided head 34 formed integral with the base and having appropriate tool receivof a complete operating cycle as predetermined by or during a preceding stage.

vAnother object is the provision of improved means for accurately regulating and controlling the rate, direction, and extent'of movement of Another object is the provision in a machine involving a plurality yof.' hydraulic motors driven from one hydraulic circuit of means for automatically controlling and accurately -regulating the operation of each motor.;

Another object is the provision of improved' turret'indexing mechanism for effecting intermit; tent rotation of the turret through successive predetermined angles and for automatically se` curing the same in each indexed position.

Another object is the provisin in a machine involving a plurality ofcarriers of turret controlled means for predetermining and controlling the movement of the carriers.

Numerous other objects and advantages will appearfrom the following description ofan illustrative embodiment of the present invention..

Figure 1 is a plan view of a multiple turret lathe equipped with automatic control and feed mechanisms embodying the novel features of the` present invention.

Fig. l2 is a view in elevation of the front side Fig. 3 is a similar view ofthe rear side-of the.

Fig. 4 is a view in elevation ofthe right end of the lathe.

' Fig. 811s asectiOnal viewof an auxiliary turret on one of the cross-slides,

' sleeve-31 rotatable thereon. The upper end ofv lengthwise reciprocation ing sockets as therein. A stud as, anchored at its lower end in the carriage, projects upwardly through the center of vthe turret and carries a the sleeve 31 is threaded upon the upper reduced end 38 of the stud so that vertical motion is imparted to thelsleeve'when rotated upon the stud. The upper end of the sleeve 31 also carries a clamp collar 39 which, when the sleeve is screwed downwardly, presses the turretdownwardly upon its seat and thereby holds the same against rotation. In this instance the collar 39 is in the form of a nut screwed onto the sleeve and locked in place by a lock nut 40, an anti-friction bearing 4| being interposed between the collar 39 and turret head 34 to prevent a cramping action between the collar and head.

The sleeve 31 carries an actuating flange 42 at the lower end thereof the upper annular face of the flange having ratchet teeth 43 formed thereon for eoaction with mating teeth formed upon the lower face of a ratchet element 45 loosely mounted on the sleeve and splined within an inner hub 46 of the turret. The ratchet element 45 is ver'- tically movable with respect and sleeve 31 but is held in coacting relation with the collar 42 by a spring 41. N I'he'collar 42 also carries a segmental gear 48 which meshes with a rack 49 constituting a part of a double acting hydraulic plunger 59 to be later described. The stroke of the plunger 59 is such as to impart a ninety degree rotation to the flange 42 and sleeve 31, but as indicated in Fig. '1 the ratchet teeth 43 and 44 are so set as toprovide a definite amount of lost motion therebetween so that the ratchet element is rotated through an angle of only seventy two degreesfor each stroke of the plunger. This eighteen degree idle motion of the sleeve is sufficient to release the 'clamping pressure of the collar 39 upon the turret so as to permit free rotation of the turret under element I5 throughout the final seventy two degree rotation of the sleeve.,v stroke of the plunger the sleeve through the full clamping pressure is reestablished. t

In order to accurately center is returned ninety degree angle and the between collar 39 and turret and securely lock the main turret 28 in each indexed position the cylindrical base 32 thereof is provided with a series of five holes 5| adapted to receive the tapered end 52v of an indexing pin 53 mounted for in the main carriage. This pin is automatically advanced and withdrawn by a hydraulic plunger 54 to be hereinafter described.-

The main carriage 23 is hydraulically advanced and retracted along the ways 22 by a piston 55, reciprocable in a cylinder 56 of and secured to the bed 29 below the carriage.

. e The piston 55 is connected to the carriage through a rod 51 the forward endl of which is anchored to s. lug- 58 depending from the carriage.

The two auxiliary turrets 29 and 29' are substantially identical so will sumce for both.l As indicated in Figs. 8 and 9 each comprises a flanged base 59 rotatably seated in a circular recess 69 formed in its. supporting crosse-slide 26 or 26. Each rotates about a vertical stud6| anchored in an internal hub 82 in the cross-slide and extending 'upwardly through.

the base 59. A Worm wheel 63 fixed en the lower endvof the base 59 meshes with'a worm 64-flxed to a shaft iournalled horizontally in the crossslide. The shaft 65 is driven by a small hydraulic to both the hub 46 i the action of the ratchet Upon each return disposed lengthwise that a, description of one f motor of a well known type comprising avpair of intcrmeshing Within a housing 88 fixed to the side of the crossslide. This motor is actuated in one direction or the other by liquid supplied thereto through one Vo1' the other oftwo pipes 89 and 19 (or |59 or 10'.) connected to the housing above and below the gears, respectively. Each turret is oscillatable, under the action of the motor driven worm 84, through an angle which is limited to exactly ninety degrees or to any other desired angle by a pair of segmental lugs 1| on the worm wheel which coact with a pair of segmental stops` 12 fixed in the base of the recess 69. The worm also coacts with the worm wheel to securely lock the turret in either of its ninety degree positions. The turret carries an appropriate top plate 13 spaced therefrom and carrying a plurality of clamp screws 14 for clamping appropriate tools to the turret. l

Each cross-slide 28-26 contains a 4cylinder borev 16-16' which coacts with a stationary piston 11-11' connected through a rod l18--18' with a lug 19-19' on the supporting carriage 24-24 to effect horizontal movement of the cross-slide toward and from the longitudinal axis of the work. Each rod 18-18' contains a liquid conducting passage Sli-89', which communicates with the forward end of the bore 18-16, and a second passage 8|-8|", which communicates with the rear end of the bore, through which each cross-slide is hydraulically actuated. A stop collar 92-92 yon each rod 18-19 limits the rearward movement of the cross-slide (see Fig. 1) and an adjustable stop screw 83-83' on each cross-slide coacts with a lug 84-84 on the supporting carriage to Vlimit the forward movement thereof. Each cross-slide is also movable with its supporting carriage 24-24' along the ways 22 in a direction parallel to the axis of the work. Adjustable stops 85-85' on the ways limit the movement of the carriages 24-24'- in'a direction away from thev headstock andhydraulically urged plungers 86-86' in the headstock yieldably maintain the carriages against these stops. In this instance each plunger 86-96' is Aclosely fitted in a horizontal bore 81-81' in thel headstock, each bore being main-I tained flooded with liquid under pressure through a pipe 98-98 from a source"to be laterf described.,l

The feed cylinder 58 of the'main carriage 23 and the feed cylinders 18 and 18 of the crossslides 28 and 26 are supplied with driving liquid from an appropriate variable displacement pump 89. The pump shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 19Al is of the type described and claimed in Patent No. 1,854,127 issued April 12, 1932 toWalter Ferris. It is driven at constant speed from any apprepriate power source through a drive shaft 90,. and delivers liquid under pressure and at variable gears 86 and 61, closely confined ratesjnto either vof thetwoimain circuit pipes The rate and direction of pump disby the application of fluid 93, 94,

9| and 92. charge is controlled .A pressure to the several control pipes -and 96. When no pressure exists in any of these pipes pump displacement isv zero and there is no pressure is established in'pipe 96 the pump discharges into pipe 9| at a relatively low rate determined by the setting of a similar stem 90. The pump also maintainsa predetermined pressure in a pipe 99 leading therefrom irrespective o'f the conditions in" the circuit Apipes 9| and 92 or in the control pipes 93, 94, 95 and 96. Since the various instrumentalities for eiecting the above functions lare fully describedin thepatent hereinabove identified a further detailed description thereof is deemed unnecessary.

In this instance however the adjustment of the stems 91-and 9B is eii'ected in a new manner. Each is shown mounted for vertical adjustment in hollow bosses vprovided on the top of the pump housing, and each is penetrated by a horizontal wedge bar |0||02 which rides upon the associated boss and projects through a slot |03|04 in each stem. 'Ihe stems may thus be independently raised or lowered by longitudinal adjustment of the wedge bars therein.

The several control pipes 93, 94, 9 5 and 96L are controlled by an appropriate valve which in this instance is mounted in the side of the pump ycasing as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. This valve, vwhich is shown in section in Figs. 19A, and 21, is substantially identical with the main control valve described in detail in Ithe patent hereinabove identified. It comprises a housing having a cylindrical bore containing ve spaced annular grooves |06, |01, |08, |09 and ||0. Grooves |06, |01, |08, and ||0 are permanently connected to control pipes 93, 95,y 96 and 94,

respectively, and groove |09 is connected to'the pressure pipe 99. `A hollow piston valve having two spaced heads and 2 connected by a reduced portion I3 is closely tted 'for lengthwise movement in the bore, the space surround-V ing the reduced portion being always exposed'to and |22.

the pressure in the pipe 99 and groove |09. The two ends of the bore communicate through the hollow valve and both are thus open to an exhaust pipe ||4 at one end (of the borew 'I'hus in lthe position shown in Fig. 19A the-control pipes-93. 95 and 96 are exposed to the pressure in pipe 99 and the control pipe 94 is open to the exhaust pipe I4. By shifting the valve toward the right from this positionthe pipes 93, 95 and 96 are opened vsuccessively t the drain pipe ||4and when the valve reaches its right extreme position the pipe 94 is exposed to the pressure in pipe 99.

The valve is provided at one endI with an operating stem ||5 actuated by mechanism to be later described under the control of the main carriage. In this instance it is also equipped with a hydraulic attachment automatically operable to shift the valve element from right extreme position into the left extreme position of Fig. 19A

and to check or retard the return, movement' thereof into the right extreme position. 'I'his attachment comprises a plunger ||6 attached to the right nd of the valve element and closely, itted for reciprocation in aI bore formed in an extension housing ||1. This plunger is provided with e reduced perdon lla end en end heed' le.

The bore contains three annular grooves |20, |2| A pipe |23 connects grooves |20 and |22. This pipe'is also connected to a pipe |24 which is exposed either to pressure or exhaust under control of a valve |25 to .be later described.

A pipe |26 connects groove |2| with a port |21 in the rear end of the bore. A pipe |28, controlled by a cut-off valve |29, connects lpipes |26 and |23, and a pipe |30, controlled' by a needle valve |3I, connects pipes |20and |23. The pipe |20 also contains a normally open piston valvev 325 to be later described.` Valve |29 is controlled by a lever arm |29' by mechanism to be later described to-open or close communication through pipe |28, and the needlevalve provides a variable choke for controlling the rate of flow through pipe |30. The arrangement is such that when the piston of the main valve and the plunger ||6 are in theright extreme position of Fig. 21, and the pipe 24 is exposed to pressure, this pressure is transmitted vthrough grooves |20, and |2|, pipe |26 and port |21 to the end of the plunger to shift the plunger I6 and the piston of valve |05 toward the left. As the head ||9 of the plunger in its movement toward the. left passes beyond the groove |22, this pressure is transmitted to the end of the plunger directly through this groove. This movement therefore continues until the main valve assumes the position shown in Fig. 19A.

Movement of the piston of valve |05 toward the right is effected bythe stem H5. When there is no pressure Vin the pipe`|24 and when the valve |29 isin the open position of Figs. 19A and 21,

the plunger 6 offers no resistance to movement in .this direction since in all positions thereof the l end ofv the bore4 communicates with pipe |24 through the port |21, ,pipe 20 and groove |20.

When the valve |29 is closed, however,` as indicated in Fig. 20, movement of the piston 6 toward the right is checked when it reaches the position shown in Fig. 20, since grooves |2| and Y|22 are then covered by the head ||9 and the liquid in the end ,of the bore can escape only through pipe |30 and at a slow rate, as determined by the setting -of the needle valve I3 l; 'Ihe piston and valve then moves very slowly until the groove |2| is uncovered after which the liquid vmay 'escape from ,the end of the bore through pipe |26 and grooves |2| and |20. The delay thus effected is ifor a purpose which will later appear.

As indicated in Figs. 19 and 19A'the main circuit pipe 9| leading from the pump is connected to the rear end of the feed cylinder v56 of the main carriage, and a pipe |32 from the forward end of this cylinder leads to a switch valve |33 which controls the operation of the rear cross-slide 26. A pipe |34 from the switch va1ve1|33 leads to a second switch valve |33 which controls the operation of "the front cross-slide 26'. The other main circuit pipe 92 leads from the switch valve |33' back to the'pump; A by-pass connection |35 between pipes 9| nd |32, controlled by a two-way pressure relief valve |36, permits a iiow of liquid betweenv thesepipes whenever the piston 55 be ythrough the valve 33 is blocked- 'I'he two switch valves |33 and |33 are substantially similar. Each comprises a casing having a' cylindrical bore with three annular grooves |.4|,

|42, and |43l formed therein. Pipe1|32 communi- Cates with the middle groeve |42 of valve las, and

pipe |34, leading fromthe upper end ofthe bore of Ithis valve, communicates with the Vmiddle groove |42 of valve |33'. Pipe 92 communicates with the upper end of the bore'of valve '|33'. `A pipe |44 leading from groove `|41 of valve |33 communicates with the rear end of cylinder 16 throughthe'passage 8| in the piston rod 18, and a pipe |45 leading from the groove |43 communicates with the forward end of cylinder 16 through the passage 80. Similarly a pipe |44 leading from'groove |4| of valve |33' communicates with the rear end of cylinder 16 through passage 8|', and a pipe |45' leading from the groove |43 of valve |33' communicates with the forward end of cylinder 16' through passage 80'. A piston valve having four spaced heads |46, |41, |48 and |4 9 is mounted for lengthwise -movement in each bore. This valve contains a longitudinal passage |50 through which communication is maintained between ,the ends of the bore. Passage |50 also communicates with the space between the central heads |41 and |48 of the valve through a port therein. It will be noted that the upper end of the piston is-of greater area thanl the lower end thereof so that pipe 92'urges; the piston downwardly.

With the piston valve pf each in the ate positionshown in Fig. 19 grooves are open to the dead spaces between heads |46 and |41 and heads |48 and |49, respectively, so that the pipes leadingtherefrom to the cylinders 16 and 16.are effectively blocked, but the intermediate groove |42 is open to the upper end of the bore, so that pipe |32 communicates with pipe `|34 and pipe |34 with pipe 92. Thus with both valves in intermediate position the piston 55 of the main carriage may be operated in either direction while both cross-slides remain -at rest. When the piston of valve |33' is elevated into the position shown in Fig. 16 pipe |34 communicates with pipe |45' so that liquid is fed into the forward end' of cylinder 16 to advance 'the front cross slide 26', and pipe |44' communicates with pipe 92 through the port |5| and passage |50, so

intermedithe pressure supplied throughI that liquid discharged from the rear end of cylin- Y der 16' may flow back to the pump. when thepiston of this valve is lowered into the position shown in Fig.`1"1, pipe |34 is opened to pipe4 |44' and pipe |45 is opened/to pipe 92 so that the cross-slide 26 is retracted. In a similar manner the rear cross-slide 26 may be advanced or retracted by elevating or` lowering the piston of valve |33. 'I'he piston of each valve is actuated and controlled by a stem |52-|52 connectedx therewith and placed under the control of mechanismto be hereinafter described.

From the foregoing it will be noted that by adjustment of the switch valves |33 and` |33' in the manner described either or both of the cylinders 16 and 16 may be connected in series with the cylfnderv56 for operation at a definite rate dependent upon "the rate of :dow in the pipes 9| and 92. It will also be remembered that the rate and direction of this flow is determined by adjustment of the pump 89. i

In the machine shown the two switch valves |33 and |33 are ilxed to an appropriate bracket |53 projecting from the rear side of the bed 20, as indicated in Fig. 4, and are placedunder the control of mechanism carried by and movable with the main carriage 23. This mechanism comprises a drum |54 fixed to and rotatable with a shaft |55 horizontally journalled in appropriate brackets |56 projecting carriage. The forward portion |51 of the drum is substantially cylindrical and so positioned that when the main carriage is in retracted position, the outer ends of Similarly from the rear side of the mainA the stems |52 and |52' of the ,y valves |33 and I33"rest thereon with the valves in the intermediate position shown in Fig. 19.. (See Figs. 3, 4 and 19.) The rear portion |58 of this drum is fashioned to receive five longitudinal cam rails |59, symmetrically disposed about the periphery of the drum for coactionwith the stem. |52 of valve |33, and five longitudinal cam rails |59' intermediate the rails- |59 for coaction with the stem |52' of valve |33. By intermittent rotation of the'shaft |55 the drum is indexed to bring the rails |59 and |59', successively, into coacting relation with their respectivevalve stems. The outer or active edge of each rail is given any desired contour to effect elevation or depression of the coacting 'valve stem an'd valve at any pointI or points desired in the advance of the main carriage. For instance the rail |59 shown in Fig. 19 has an elevated portion |60 which, as the rail advances,'e1evates the valve so as to open communication between pipe |32 and the forward end of cylinder 16 to effect-advance of the cross-slide 26; although any of the rails may have a depressed portion |6| such as is provided in the rail |59' shown in Fig. 19, which will permit the coacting valve toL assume a depressed position. In this latter instance the depressed portion is actually covered by an automatic gate |62 which is shown in detail in Figs. 16, 17, and 18.

This gate is in the form of a horizontal lever |62 Vro'ckably supported on a horizontal pivot pin |63 and having a forward inclined end |64 which rests upon the edge of the rail in advance of the depressed portion. A spring |65 acting on the other end of the lever yieldably retains the same in the position shown so that, as the rail advances, the valve stem |52' is elevated thereby. In this instance the rail coacts with a laterally bent portion |66 on the" end of the stem. This portion |66 rides on the lever an opening |61 provided therein, at which point it drops through this opening onto the depressed portion |6| to thereby reverse the valve |33', as indicated in Fig. 17. This occurs substantiallyvas the main carriage 23 reaches the forward limit of an advance movement. Upon reversal of the main carriage the rail |59 moves toward the right and the stem |52 climbs out of the depressed portion and passes beneath the end|64 of the gate to thereby return the valve |33' into its 'neutral position.

spective valve stems |52 and |52. This rotation occurs while the main carriage 23 is retracted and while the valve stems are restingr upon the forward cylindrical portion |51 of the drum'where they do not interfere with this rotation. This rotation is imparted to the shaft |55 from the turret 28 on the main carriage 23 lthrough appropriate gearing shown particular- ..ly in Fig. '1. This gearing includes a ring gear y|68 fixed tothe baseA 32 of the main' turret and meshing with a pinion |69 fixed to the upper end of a vertical shaft |'journalled in the main carriage. The lower end of shaft |10 carries a large spiral gear I1| which meshes with 4a small spiral gear |12 keyed "or otherwise fixed t'o 1the sqhaft. |55. The gear ratios are such that each seventy-two degree rotation of the'main turret imparts a seventytwo degree rotation to the shaft |55 and drum. A second' gear train including a pinion |13, meshing withiring gear isz until it reaches |68 on a vertical shaft |14, and a spiral gear |15 on vertical shaft |14, meshing with a spiral gear |16 on a horizontal shaft |11, imparts intermittent rotation through successive seventy- L two 'degree angles to the shaft |11 in a similar manner. Shaft |11 is journalled in appropriate brackets |18 on the front side of the main carriage 23, andcarries a drum |19 which coacts with mechanism' such as will be later describedjects horizontally from the conical end |83 of4 the head |84 of a lever mechanism to be later described. A plate |85 mounted upon the brackets |18 in advance of the drum |19 carries a xed lower rail |86 positioned to register with ,one -of the drum rails |80 in each rotative position of the drum. This plate alsov carries a cam plate |81 fixed against-rthe rail |86 and having an inclined edge 88 sloping toward the drum and to the rail |86. A disappearing upper rail |89, rockably supported on upright arms |90 pivotally mounted behind the plate, normally A projects through a longitudinal slot |9| in the plate above the cam plate |81. In its normal position the upper edge of this rail |89 registers withthe upper edge of one. ofthe cam plates |8| on the drum. The plate |85 is so positioned as to receive and support the cam roller'or pin |83 when the -main carriage 23 is in retracted position so that the drum |19 may then berotated without interference with this roller.

The roller carrying head |84 is mounted on the end of an extension |92 of a lever |93 which is rockablysupported upon. a horizontal pivot pin |94 anchored in the outer end of an appropriate bracket |95 projecting from the front of` the bed 20 of the machine. The extension |92 is connected to the lever |93 through an upright pivot pin |96 and is yieldingly urged by a spring |91 toward the drum |19 and plate |85.

/ The lever |93 carries a depending arm |98 whose lower end is connected to the stem 5 of the main control valve |05 through an appropriate link |99. The lever |93 is urged downwardly by a tension spring 200 between the arm |98 and bracket |95. The head |84 also carries an appropriate handle in the form of a knob 20| by which the lever |93 .and extension |92 may be manipulated by the attendant. It will be noted that by swinging the extension` 92 outwardly about the pivot pin |96 the camy roller d |89 may be made to clear the drum |19 and plate |85 and, when so withdrawn, it may be raised or lowered at willV lto thereby adjust the valve |05 to any position desired to change the rate vor direction of table movement.

The arrangement is such that during the return movement of the main carriage 23 the cam roller |83 normally rides from right to left (Figs. 10 and 11) upon one of the lower rails |80 of the drum'and onto-theA lower rail |86 of the plate until it reaches and climbs upwardly upon the inclined edge |88 of the cagi plate |81. During .its travel along the rails and |86 it reaches the rst shoulder that the pump then delivers roller |83.

the lever 93 assumes a lower extreme position and the piston of the pump control valve |05 assumes a right extreme'position of- Fig, 2l, in

which position the pump control pipe 94 is exposed to the pressure in pipe 99 and the pump discharges at a high rate into the main circuit Ipipe 92. As the cam roller |83 climbs upwardly under the action' of the gear train hereinabove described, through an angle of seventy-two degrees to thereby align the next cam plate |8| thereof with `the plate |85. The main carriage 23 is then readyto start an advance movementv which is initiated by elevating the lever |93 until the cam roller |83 has passed upwardly to a point above the upper rail |89 on the plate |85. yAs the roller |83 is thus elevated it engagesy the rail |89 upon-the bevelled face 202 thereof, forces it backward through theslot |9| in the plate |85 and passes above it. The

rail Y|89 .then swings forward into its normal position beneath the rolle In this upper position of |93, the. lpiston of valve |05 assumes the left extreme position shown in Fig. 19A in which positionA the three control pipes 93, 95 and 96 are exposed to the pressure in pipe 99 so that the pump then discharges at a high rate into the main circuit pipe 9| causing the piston 55 and the main carriage 23 to advance rapidly. During the advance the cam roller |83 travels toward the right along the rail |89 and onto the upper edge |82 of the cam plate |8| until 203 thereof. 'I'he roller then passes over this shoulder and drops as shown -in Fig. l2.

onto a depressed portion |82' of the cam plate roller |83 and leverr to discharge liquid into the pipe 9| at alower rate determined by the setting of the stem 91.

The rate of advance of the carriage is thus reduced and the carriage continues to advance at this new rate until the cam roller passes over the second shoulder 204 of thecam plate onto a further depressed'portion thereof. When'fthis occurs the `piston of valve |05 isshifted further of Fig. 20,V` destroyto the right to the position ing the pressure 'in control pipe 95 and thereby adjusting the pump so that it`discharges ata lower rate into pipe 9|,'this rate being determined by the setting of stem 98. The carriage continues to advance at thisfurther -reduced rate until the cam roller passes over the end of the cam plate |8| and drops onto the lower rail |80. When this' occurs the piston of valve p ipe96 and establish pressure in pipe 94 so liquid into the pipe 92 at a rapid 'rate and the carriage starts a rapid return movement.

'I he roller carrying head |84 'also carries a diagonally vdisposed guard ilnge205 for'the cam This finger liesagainst the conical the head and is formed with a tapered end 206 disposed adjacent and in advance of the roller. 'I'he shoulders 203 and 204 as is returned into its right extreme position' of 21 to thereby destroy the pressure in vadvance of the auxiliary carriage 24.)

well as the end of each of the several cam plates |8| are. bevelled' off, as indicated in Fig. 10, so as to coact 'with the outer edge of the nger 205 to force the .finger .and roller outwardly from the cam plate to thereby clear the same, should the linger strike such shoulder or end during the return stroke ofv the carriage. This nnger also coacts with the upper edge |82 of the cam plate, during the forward advance of the'carriage, to support. the lever |93 after the roller has passed one of the shoulders and until the finger has Iactually cleared that shoulder, to thereby effect a more abrupt lowering of the lever thanl would ordinarily result by a normal rollingaction of the roller over the upper corner of that shoulder. Y

The advance of the main carriage 23 is limited by a stop 201 adjustably fixed on one of the ways 22. e The length of each ofj the several cam plates |8| is such that the cam roller |93 and nnger 205 clear the end thereof anl instant prior to impingement of the carriage againstthis stop, provision being made .for delaying the return of the piston of valve |05 to its extreme right position, so that actual reversal of carriage movement is'delayed. The carriage is thus held in advanced position against the stop 201 for a period of sufficient length to` permit the tool, then operating on the work, to flnish and smoth up the cut. This delay is elfected in the manner hereinabove described by moving the valve |29 ,into the closed position shown in Fig. 20. To

accomplish` this .automatically the stop 201 carries a depending lever 208 rcckably supported thereon and connected through a link 209 with the arm |29 of the valve |29. This link extends through a lug 2|0 on the bed of the machine. A spring 2H between this lug and a collar 2H on the link cooperates with va stop collar 2|2Von the-link to yieldably retain the valve in open position. A disk 2|3, fixed to the forward lend of the @shaft |11, carries one or more removable push pins 2|4 which, upon ro tationl of thershaft |11, may/be so aligned as to strike and rock the lever as the, carriage approahes the stop 201. This action of the lever, transmitted through the link 209 and arm |29' closes the valvel |29, the valve remaining closeduntil the return movement of the carriage has withdrawn the pin 2|4 from contact with lthe lever, when the valve .automatically returns to open position under the action of spring 2||. If on thenext advance of the carriage and corresponding rotation of the shaft |11 there jis ,no push pin aligned with the lever 209, then the valve |29 remains open and the carriage is promptly reversed. e

Provision is made in the machine shown for advancing either or Yboth of the auxiliary carriages- 24 and 24- along the ways 22 toward the head stock 2|. This movement is effected by the advance of the main carriage through mechanism which will now be described. For this purpose heads 2|5 and 2|5 are fixed to the forward ends e: the shafts lssana |11 respeeiivels eeen head being fashioned to removably receive one or more push pins,.such as shown at 2|0 in Figs. 1, 2 and 19. (There are no corresponding pins actually shown in the head 2|5 because the particularJ work piece a does not actually require' an The arrangement is such that upon rotation of the shaft |55 vor |11 any one of the pins emay be aligned with one of thevpush plungers2|1 or 2|1 pro- Jecting rearwardly from the auxiliary carriages,

.ing pressure in the forward end mitted to the bores 222 and the rods respectively. Each plunger 2|1-2I1' is mounted within a bore 2I8-2I9 in its auxiliary carriage, each bore communicating through a pasthe passage -00 leading to the forward end of the cylinder 16--16' of the associated cross-slide. (See Figs. 2, 3, and 19.) Each bore 2|8-2I8' is thus maintained flooded with liquidfrom'passage 80--00' and the workof cylinder 15- 16', thus transmitted to this bore, is sumcient to normally maintain the plunger 2I1-2l1' in the projwected position shown.

Thus for example if one of the pins 2|6' is aligned with plunger 2|1' during an advance of the main carriage 23 it will strike the plunger and force the auxiliary carriage 24' away from its stop 85' and against the yielding resistance of the plunger 06 inI the' headstock. A sleeve 220 of appropriate length on the headstock and surrounding the plunger 86' serves to positively limit the advance of auxiliary carriage 24' in that direction. When further advance of the auxiliary carriage is thus arrested by engagement with the stop sleeve 220', main carriage 29 is permitted since the plunger 2|1' may recede into its bore 2|8' squeezing liu--l uid therefrom against the working pressure in the passage 2|9'. Then when the main carriage executes returned to its normal projected position and the auxiliary carriage 24' is returned into position against its stop 85 under the thrust of the plunger 06. A similar movement may be imparted t@ the rear carriage 24 whenever a properly positionedpin is inserted in the head 2|5.

i As hereinabove pointed the pump 99 discharges into the circuit pipe 9|,

sure, is determined by the setting of the stems 91 and 98, these stems being adjusted by lengthwise movement of thewedgevbars |0| and |02 respectively. These bars are automatically actuated and reset by the return movements of the carriage 23 through means which will now be described. Each bar is provided with a tail rod 22| closely fitted forflengthwise movement in a bore 222 formed in a block 229 carried by the housing of the pump. Both bores are connected through a p ipe 224 and branch pipes 225 with one of the pump control pipes 94 (see Fig. 19A) so that, when pipe 94 is exposed to pressure to thereby cause the pump to discharge intoJ the circuit pipe 92 and thereby cause the'carriage a return movement the plunger 2|1' is` out the rate at which to begin a return stroke, this pressure is trans- 22| and bars |01 and |02 are thrust forwardly. A guide bracket 226 for the bars coacts with shoulders 221 on the bars to limit this forward movement thereof. Fig. 19A, a spring loaded check valve 220 within each branch pipe 225 yieldably resists the esca er liquid' :rem Ithe bores se niet the reds 22| e a.l

bars are yieldably retained in this advanced position. A reversely arranged check valve 229 contained within each valve 229 permits a free flow of liquid therethrough from pipe 224 to the bores in the manner just described. LWith the bars |0I and |02 in fully advanced position the stems 91 and 98 are fully elevated and as the bars are retracted from this position the stems are lowered.

'Provision is made for forcing eachof the bars |0| and |02 rearwardly a predetermined distance `upon each return stroke of the main carriage 23 to thereby reset the stems 91 and 90 and thus (See Figs. 1 and 2.) v4As indicated in.

way is of such width as to permit rotation of .the-

predetermine the'rates of pump delivery and the rates of feed motion for the main carriage during the next advance thereof.' Mechanism for this purpose comprises five pairs of push pins 230 of various lengths removably mounted inra head 23| carried by the end o f shaft |11 and so arranged as to be successively aligned with the forward ends 232 of the bars by rotation of the shaft |11. Thus upon each return movement of the carriage one of the several pairs of push pins 230 impinge upon and force the' bars |0| and |02 rearwardly through distances dependent upon the lengths of those pins, the tail rods 22| forcing liquid from the bores 222 against the resistance of the spring loaded valves 228 and the pressure in pipe 224. Then when the piston of the `main valve |05 is shifted to effect an advance of the main carriage the pressure in control pipe 94, and pipe 224, is destroyed so that the bars |0| and |02 retain these adjusted positions throughout the advance of the carriage.

The indexing of. thevtwo auxiliary turrets 29 and 29 is also effected, when required, by mechanism under the control of the main carriage 23 during the return stroke thereof. Mechanism for this purpose comprises a head 233 fixed to the rear end of -shaft |55 and carrying removable push pins 234, which, upon rotation of the shaft |55, may be so aligned as to engage one side or the other of a cam head 235 on a lever 236, during the return of the carriage, tothereby rock this lever in either of two directions. rockably supported in an appropriate bracket 231 on the bed of the machine, and is connected to.

the stem 238 of a valve 239. This valve `is shown in section in Fig. 19A. It comprises a housing having a cylindrical bore containing a piston having two spaced heads 240 and 24| connected by a reduced portion 242. A pipe 243 connected with pressure pipe 99 maintains liquid under pressure in the space surrounding the reduced portion 242. An exhaust pipe 244, connected to the opposite ends of the bore, leads to the casing of the pump 89. Two pipes 245 and 246 leading from the valve housing are controlled by the heads 240 and 24| respectively. Pipe 245 communicates with pipes 69 and 69 leading toy one side of the hydraulic I vdriving motors 68 of the auxiliary turrets; and

pipe 246 communicates with pipes 10 and 10' leading to the other sides of these motors. With the piston of the valve 239 .in the upper position of Fig. 19A pressure pipe 243 communicates with pipe 245 and pipes 69 and 69' to thereby rotate the the exhaust pipe 244. When the piston of this valve is shifted into its lower. extreme position, by the action of one of the pins 234 upon the head 235 of the lever, pressure pipe 243 is connected to pipes 246, 10 and 10 to thereby rotate the turrets in the other direction, the motors thereof discharging through pipes 69, 69', 245 and 244. Appropriate cut off valves 68 provided within the pipe line 69 and 69' makes it possible to index either turret 29 or 29 to the exclusion of the other.

Indexing of the main turret 28 is also controlled by the main carriage 23 and is'eiected upon each return stroke of the carriage. Mechanism for this purpose includes a disk 241 formed as an integral part of the head 23| and having an extended hub 248 on the rear end of shaft |11, shown particularly in Fig. 10. As indicated in Fig. 14 the hub 248 contains a wide keyway 249 for cooperation with a long key 250 xed in the shaft. This key- This lever is hub through anangle of seventy-two degrees, with respect tothe shaft. A stop washer 25| xed to the end of the shaft retains the hub thereon. A coil spring 252 is connected at one end to the hub and at its other end to one ofl the' brackets |18.

'I'he lspring 252 is under torsional stress and co-v acts with the key 250 to yieldably retain the hub and d1sk241 in a definite rotative position. on the shaft, and it is also under compressive stress so as to yieldably retain the hub against the stop washer 25|. The disk 241 contains five perforations 253 adiacent the periphery thereof for receiving any of the four types of flanged bushings shown in Figs. 22, 23, 24 and 25. A hollow plunger 254 mounted within a bore 255 in the main carriage 23, has a reduced end 256 which normally projects rearwardly into alignment with and adjacent one of the perforations 253. A collar 251 fixed to the carriage limits the outward movement of this plunger. The plunger' 254 contains a ller rod 258 of any desired length. e

A stop rod 259 adjustably fixed by a set screw 260 in abracket l26| on the machine is always aligned with the plunger 254. The stop rod 259 is formed with a longitudinal channel 262 which contains a rack bar 263 lengthwise movable therein. The forward end 264 of the rack bar is normally us'h with the forward end 265 of the rod. 'I'he rack bar meshes with a broad faced pinion 266 journalled in an appropriate bracket 261 on the bed. The valvev |25 hereinabove referred to is provided with an operating stem 268 having rack teeth which mesh with the pinion 266. When de-meshed from the pinion the rack bar 263 and the stop rod 259 may beadjusted longitudinally, as a unit, without disturbing the position of the valvestem 268. The rack bar 263 carries a rack dog 2,69 removably fixed thereto and capable of attachment at various points along the length thereof.

The bushing 210, shown in Fig. 22, contains a socket 21| adapted to receive the end 265 of the stop rod 259 only. When so engaged the rack bar 263 is forced rearwardly along the rod by contact of the end 264 Ythereof with the face of the bushing. The bushing 212, shown in Fig. 23. contains a socket 213 which is shaped to receive the end 264 of the rack bar as well as the end 265 of the stop rod, and when so engaged the rack bar retains its normal position with its ends 264 flush with the end 265 of the rod. The bushing 214, shown in Fig. 24, contains a keyhole slot 215 which permits free passage of the stop rod and rack bar therethrough, so that the rack bar is not moved until the dogv269 strikes the face of the bushing. The bushing 216, shown in Fig. 25 is provided-with a similar keyhole slot 211 and the flange thereof is cut away as at 218 to avoid contact with the dog 269.

As the disk 241 isintermittently rotated by rotation of shaft |11 and spring 252 the five bushings are advanced successively into alignment with and between the plunger 254 and the stop rod 259. Whenever a bushing of the type shown at 216 is so-aligned, the return movement of the carriage 23 continues until the stop rod 259 has projected through thel bushing into the hollow plunger 254, and until the rod has engaged the, filler rod 258 and thereby forced the plunger 754 inwardly. Just before the plunger actually reaches the end of the bore 255 the cam roller |63 has climbed upwardly on the edge |88 of the cam plate |81 so as to bring the carriage to rest in the manner hereinabove described. In this position of the 75 parts the dog 269 has entered the cut-away porl tion 218 of the bushing flange andthe rack bar 263 has not been actuated. The inward movement of the plunger 254vhowever has set into action mechanism, to be later described, which automatically effects indexing of the main turret. Whenever abushing ofthe type shown tat 214 in Fig. 24,is aligned with the rod 258 the return movement of the carriage` continues in a similar manner. butjust before. it comes to rest the dog269 strikes the bushing and the rack bar 263 is forced rearwardly to thereby operate the stem 268 of the valve |25. This action of the valve |25 energizes the plunger` ||8 in a manner -to be shortly described, to thereby shift the main control valve I85 and restart the .carriage on an advance stroke. 'I'he turret indexingmechanism is of course again energized by the inward movement of the plunger 254 under the thrust of rod Whenever a bushing of the type shown at 218 in Fig. 22 is aligned with the rod 258 the return movement of the carriage continues until the rod, engaged in the bushing has forced the entire disk `241 forwardly along the shaft |11 and thereby forced the plunger 254 inwardly against the end of its bore 255, the rack bar 28,3 having been forced rearwardly by the engagement of the end 264 thereof with the face of the bushing. 'I'he main turret is again indexed due to this inward movement of plunger 254, and the carriage is again started on its next advance by the shifting ofthe rack bar. 'Ihe functioning is thus much' the same as when the bushing 214 is aligned with the rod, except that the carriage does not return its maximum distance. A similar effect is pronsv duced when a bushing of the type "shown at 212 in Fig. 23 is aligned with the rod, the carriage making a short return stroke and the turret 28 being indexed, but the carriage is not automatically restarted on an advance stroke because the rack bar does not move, since the end 284 thereof enters the socket 213 with the rod.

y The mechanism shown for effecting the automatic indexing of the main turret 28 will now be described. This mechanism includes the actuating plunger 54 for the index pin 53 and the rack plunger 50 hereinabove mentioned and shown in Figs. 5 and 19A. The plunger 54 is provided with four spaced heads218, 288, 28| and 282 and is closely fitted for lengthwise reciprocation in a bore 283 formed in the carriage. A longitudinal passage 284 in the plunger connects the opposite ends of the bore, a check valve 285 therein permitting liquid to .how nly from right to left therethrough. A d uct 286 connects the right end of this bore with the enlarged portion 281 of a long bore 288 in the carriage. A pipe 289 fixed at one end 298 to the bed of the machine .has a close sliding fit in the bore 288 in the carriage and is provided with a port 29| which is always open to the enlargedportion 281 of bore in all positions of the carriage. A pipe ,9,2 connects pipe 289 with pressure pipe 98 so that the duct 286 and both ends .of the bore 283 are always iioodedwith liquid under pressure. Since the effective area of the-left end head 219 of the plunger is reduced by the area of the index pin 53, connected therewith, the effective area of the other end head 282 is the greate so that the plunger is normally urged toward the left 'by the hydraulicpressure in the bore 283. The index pin 53 is thus yieldably urged and held inthe locking position shown. A duct 293 connects the left end of bore 283 with the bore 255 of plunger 254 so that this bore is aon-,vae

also normally flooded with liquid under pressure and the plunger 2 54 is yieldably retained in the projected position shown.A

The bore 283 contains ilve annular grooves 284, 285. 296, 2 91 and 288 which are controlled by the intermediate heads 288 and 28| of the plunger. A duct 299 connects groove 288 with the enlarged --portion 388 of a. second bore 38| containing a slide pipe 382 similar to pipe 288. Pipe 382 is connected toan exhaust pipe 383. Groove 288 is always open to the space between the plunger heads 28| and 282. Groove 284 which lisalways open to the space between the plunger heads 218 and 288 is also connected to the enlarged portion 388 of bore 38| through a duct 384. Groove 288 which is always open to the space between the intermeldiate plunger heads.288 and 28| is maintained flooded with liquid under pressure supplied through a. duct 388 connected with duct 288. -A duct 388 connects groove 295 with one end 381 of a bore containing the end head 388 ofplunger 58,`

and a duct 388 connects groove 281 with the other end 3 I 8 of the bore containing the other end head 31| of plunger 58.

The arrangement 'is such that with the plunger 54 in the position shown the end head 388 of plunger 58 is exposed to pressure transmitted through ducts 385 and 388 to the bore 381, while the other end bore 3 I 8 is open to 'exhaust through the ducts 388 and 289. When the plunger 254 is forced inwardly under the thrust of the stop `rod 258, in the manner above explained, liquid is forced from the bore- 255 lthrough duct 283 into the left end of the bore 283. Since-the check valve 285 prevents escape of this liquid through passage 285the plunger 54 is forced toward the right, so thatthe index pin 53 is with` drawn and the duct 388 is connected with the pressure carrying duct 385. This pressure transmitted to the end head 3H of plunger 58, shifts this plunger into its other extreme position to thereby unclamp the turret and rotate the same through an angle of seventy-two degrees in the manner hereinbefore explained. With the plunger 54 in this position duct 388 is connected'with the exhaust duct 384 and the liquid from end bore 381 is free to escape therethrough. Then as the pressure Vin the bore 255 and duct 293 is relieved by ordinary leakage or by the subsequent advance of the carriage, the sustained pressure in the duct 286 and the right end of the bore 283 returns the plunger 54 into the position shown, thereby advancing the index pin 53 into the next hole 5| in the turret, and also reconnecting duct 386 with pressure'duct 385 and duct 389 with exhaust duct 298 so that the plunger 58 is again returned to the position shown. This action of plunger 58 effects reclamping of the turret in the manner hereinbefore described and places the parts in position for the next indexing operation.

It will be noted that the main turret 28 is indexed while the main carriage 23 is retracted and while the stop rod 258 is engaged with one of the bushings in the disk 241. It will also be. remembered that the. shaft |11, carrying this disk, is rotated with and by the main turret. The wide keyway 249 in the hub 248 to the disk permits the shaft- |11 vto rotate within thishub,

against the torsional resistance in the spring the next bushing 'is thas aligned with andpetween theplunger 264 and stop rod.

As hereinabove mentioned, automatic re-starting of the main carriage 23 after it has reached the end of a' return movement is eilected by the rearward shifting of the rack bar 263 and the consquent operation oi the stem 266 of the valve |25, whereby the piston 6 connected with valve |05,is energized. The valve |25 will now bedescribed. This valve, as shown in section in Fig.

f' 19A, comprises a casing having a bore ,provided containing piston iis. The pipe m is divided |05 toward the left i into two'branch pipes 24'vone of which contains a check valve 311 which permits free ow of Yliquidtoward the groove 3|3, and the other of which contains-a needlevalve 3I6 which provides a variable choke for retarding the new ofiiquid,

'frornthegroove 3|3. The groove 3|2 is connected through a pipe 3| 9 with the pressure pipe 63', and-the groove 3I4 -is connected vthrough a pipe 320 with the exhaust pipe 244. L The arrangement is such hat when the plunger' oi' valve .|26 isv in the lower 'position shown in Fig. 13A, pipe |24 is connected with exhaust pipe .244' through pipe 320 and no pressure exists therein. en the plunger is elevated by the action ofthe rack bar 263, pinion 266, and stem 268, (pipe 320 is blocked. from pipe |24 by the 'lower head 3|6 and pipe |24 is connected through pipe 3|9 with the pressure pipe 36.. Liquid then ilws yat a slow4 rate past' theI needle valve BIB 'and into theborecontaining piston v| I6, tothereyby shift the. plunger of the main control valve the manner hereinabove described. The carri e 23 is thus restarted on an advance stroke. By regulation of the needle valve als the timev required/ to thus shift the valve |05 into carriage advancing position may be varied atgwill to thereby allow ample time,

to complete the indexing of the main turret 26.

As previouslyvpointed out the switch valves A|33 and |33"l are shiftable to connect either or both feed' cylinders 16 and `16 of the cross-slides in series with the feedfcylinderr 56 of the main carriage 2 3 and, when so connected, either or both cross-slides as w`ell as the main carriage are simultaneously reversed whenever the pump 69 is reversed. Since the pump .is controlled by the main carriage.. reversalot thecross-slides may occur prematurely, should the main carriage complete its advance 'stroke before the crossslides have reached the limits of their advance. To avoid this undesirable condition provision is made for making pump reversal contingent upon the cross-.slides completing their movements. Although this may be accomplished in variou's ways a 'hydraulic system well adapted for thepuvrposef will now'befdescribed. This system comprisesa valve 325 interposed within the pipe line |26 between pipes |26 and |30. 'This valve lis normally in the lopen position shown in Figs. 9A and 21, but, wheniin the closed position of Fig. 2Q, it prevents ilow of liquid through pipe |26.y In this instance this valve comprises a piunger,ihaving two spaced heads 326 and 321 connected by a reduced portion 326, closely itteit for lengthwise reciprocation within -a cylindrical bore 323 of the I valve housing. vWhen in the right extreme posiq valve 34| to the left tion of Figs. 19A and 21 the space surrounding the reduced portion 326 permits a ireedlow of liquid through pipe |28,`but when shifted into the left extreme position of Fig. 20 the head 321 blocks this ow.

toward the left by a rod 330 one end oi which is slidably engaged within the stem 33| of the valve.-

The plunger of valve 325 is mechanically shifted coacts 3with a stop collar 338 to yieldably retain the lever and rod in t position shown-in Fig. 3. A disk 333 carried by e shaft |55, and indexed therewith, is adapted to receive one or more push pins 340, which may be so aligned with the lever 334 astoengageand rock the same as the main 'carriage 23 approaches theend of its advance.

When so actuated the rod 330 is shifted longitudinally and this movement, transmitted to the valve stem 33| through the notch 332 and detent 333,'

causes the valve 325 to assume the closed position of Fig. 20. When'thus closed the' flow through pipe |26 is blocked and the main control valve |05 is eilectively held against shifting beyond the position shownin Fig. by reason of the body oi.'v liquid thus trapped ahead of the piston I I6.

The valve 325 remains in\this closed condition vuntil both cross-slides as well as the main carriage have reached the ends of their advance movements, at which time the valve 325 is reopened byhydraulic means now to be described. This means comprises `three pressure rresponsive valves 34|, 342, and 3 42' connected with the cylinders 56, 16 and .16', respectively. (See Figs. 19 and 19A.) A pipe 343 connected with the p ressure pipe 86 leads to valve 342'; a pipe 344 leads from valve 342" to valve 342; a pipe 345 leads from valve 342 to valve 34|; and a pipe 346 leads from ewnd of the bore of valve 325. Each valve 34|, 342 )and 342 includes a piston 341which isyieldably held by a spring 346 in the advanced position showzsso as^to normally block the ow through pipes 343, 344, 345, and 346. A plunger 349, lprojecting from one face of the piston 341, is exposed to the hydraulic pressure in that end of the cylinder 56, 16, or 16 towliich the valve is attached. This plunger tends to retract the piston against the zpressure of spring 346.

opposite face of the piston 341'of each of the valves 342 and 342. is exposed to the hydraulic pressure in the opposite end of the cylinder 16 or 16 and functions to oppose the thrust of plunger 349, so that the piston in each instance is made to respond to the diiierence in press es in the opposite e'nds of. the cylinder to which the valve is connected. 'Ihe ratio oi' the cross4 sectional areas of plungers on opposite ends ci! the 'piston of each of the valves 342 `and 342' is preferably equal to the ratio of the eil'ective areas oi the two faces of the piston 11 or 11' with which the valve is associated. The piston 3'41 in each of the valves 342 and 342'l is provided with a peripheral groove which, when the piston 341 isretrcted, opens communication between the pipes 343--344 or.

v344-345, or so that, when the pistons of all three valvesI are retracted, pressure is transmitted through the pipes from pipe 66' to the valve 325 which is thereby shifted into the open position of Figures 19A and 2l. y

It will be remembered that the advance of the main carriage 23 and each of the cross-slides 23 and 26 are limited by positive stops. As' each of these members stalls against its stop the pressure in the working end of its feed cylinder immediately increases over the pressure in the discharge end oi.' thatcylinder, the difference in pressure thus established in the 'opposite ends of each cylinder being suiiicient to retract the piston'341 against the pressure of spring 343; so that when all three have stalled against their respective stops, the three valves 34|, 342, and 342' have been opened and the piston 321 of valve 325 is returned to the open position of Figures 19A Iand 21. When this occurs liquid may then escape from the rear end' of the housing ||1 through pipe |20. or pipes |23 and |30, to thereby permit the main control valve |05 to assume the position of Fig. 21 and thus reverse the pump and cause the ycrossslides and main carriage to begin their 'return strokes.

It will thus be noted that when a pin 340 is aligned with the lever 334 the valve 325 is auto` matically closed by the advance of the main carriage to thereby prevent reversal of the pump -until this valve is again freopened, and this'valve remains closed until the main carriage and the cross-slides have all reached the limits of their advance.

From the foregoing description it will be noted the main tool carriage 23 is advanced and retracted toward and vfrom thel work at accurately controlled rates dependent upon"the rate and Adirection of flow of liquid from the pump 39 through the main circuit, which comprises pipes 9|, |32, |34 and 92, the direction and rate o! ilow being determined at all times by the position of the primary control valve |05. During each advance this valve is`controlled by the main carriage, through the lever |93, roller |33 and one of the cam plates |3| carried thereby and advancing therewith. The rst portion of eachl afi--v vance (which is an idle motion by which the tool is carried to the work) is executed at a rapidrate with thevalve in the leitwextreme position of Fig. 19A, after which the rate is reduced to ajeed rate appropriate for the particular work in hand by automaticallyshifting the valve toward the right in to an intermediate position. A further reduction in the rate of advance is effected automatically by further shifting' of the valve toward the right into a second intermediate position shown in Fig. v20. This second intermediate position is ordinarily utilized only when the latter portion of the cut is heavier than the iirst portion and thus requires a slower feed motion, as for instance which these changes in rates of advance occurr depend or courseupon the shape of the particular cam plate |8| employed, and in the absence of a cam plate the valve |05 shifts from the left extreme position of Fig. 19A into the right extreme position of Fig. 21,as the roller |33 passes over the right hand end of the upper raill |89' nto the left handend of one .lof th lower rails |80 of the drum |19, to thereby reve se the motion Yof the carriage. Automatic reversal also takes place in a similar marmer when the roller |33 passes over the end ofa cam plate |8| and drops onto a'lower rail |30 of the drum |19. This type of cycle is employed to repeat the indexing and bringthe turret around past an idle position.

It will also be noted that provision, is made for f automatically delayingl )this reversal, when dewhich accurately limits the advance of the carriage to thereby accurately gauge the extent or depth of cut vand. which also supportsl the lever 203, connected to the operating arm |29' of the y* valve |29 (Figs. 19Ato'2l)v and depending into the path of advance oiv the push pin 2|4 carried by the carriage. As the carriage approaches the, stop 201 the lever 208 is engaged by the advancing pin`2|4 and swung toward the left to therebyxV rock the valve |29 into the closed position shown in Fig. 20. The carriage Vcontinues to advance until arrested by' engagement'with the stop at whiclrtime the cam roller`|83 has cleared the f end of the cam plate |8| and is readyto fall onto the"rail1l30 to thereby shift the valve |05 toward the right. l the control valve |05 and piston I6 have reached the position shown in Fig.20 the liquid ahead of the piston ||6 lcan escape only through the needle valve |3|, the grooves |2| and |22 being closed by the head ||9, so that further movement of the valve and piston toward the right'is effectively vdelayed for a time interval dependent upon the setting of the needle valve. During this time interval the pump 39 continues to deliver liquid .through the pipe 9| to the rear end of cylinder 50 thereby forcibly holding the carriage against the stop 201, the relief valve |33 permitting liquid to escape through pipes |32, 34 and 92 back to the pump but maintaining a predetermined pressure within the pipe 9| and cylinder. When the valve |05 and piston i6 have finally moved toward the right from the position of Fig. .20 to uncover the groove |2|, the liquid ahead of the head i|9 is' free to escape therethrough into the pipe |24, .and the movement of the valve |05 is thereafter promptly completed and the' carriage vbegins`--a return stroke.

In the machine shown the carriage 23 may ex-v short return stroke, and in either case it may remain at rest when it reaches the enelJ of thereturn stroke or it may be automatically re-started on the next advance stroke. A long return stroke is effected whenever a hollow bushing of the type When valve |29 is closed however and shown at 214 in Fig. 24 or at 216 in Fig. 25 is aligned with the stop rod 259, vsince the rod rmay then' enter the hollow plunger 254through such a bushing. In the case of a ,longl return stroke the carriage is automatically broug'l'ftto restl by thea return of the valve |05 into neutral' position under the action of the cam |33 as it rides upwardly along the edge |33 of the cam plate |31. -This action being timed to stop thecarriage as the re-starting4 dog 269 enters 'th'e notch in the bushing (Fig. 2 If re-stariling is required a bushing without a notchisused, as shown in Fig. 24, thus causing dog 265| to operate valve |25 as already explained. A short return stroke is ,effected whenever a blind .bushing of the type shown at 210 in Fig. 22 or at 212 in Fig. 23 is aligned with the stop rod 259 and prevents entry ofthe rod into the plunger 254. l In the case of a short stroke the carriage comes to restby stalling against the stop rod 259 whenl the i plunger 254 strikes the end of the bore 255. Automatic re-starting is effected whenever 'the rackv bar 233 is actuated and the valve |25 thereby shifted in such direction as to transmit liquid under pressure through pipe |24 to the end of the -piston ||3 to thereby return the valve |05 into the pletes each return stroke.. This action is initi-` ated by the inward movement of the plunger 254 in its bore 255 under the thrust of the stop rod 253 and by which liquid is forced from thev bore 25s into-the lft end of therbore zas-to eifect withdrawal of the index pin 53 from locking engagement with the turret. When the pin 53 is thus withdrawn the actuating plunger `54 thereof, acting as a valve, admits liquid under pressure to the end 3|| of the rack plunger 53 to operate the same and the sleeve 31 in such direction as' to Jrotate the turret into the nextposition. The index pin 53 is then returned into interlockingengagement with the turret under the action of its plunger 54 and this plunger, again acting as a valve, admits liquid under pressureito the head 303 of the rack plunger 53 whereby the plunger 50 and sleeve 31 are returned into positionin readinessV for the next indexing operation.

l It will be further noted that either or both of '-.the auxiliary can'iages 24 and 24 may be advanced and retracted along the ways 22, so as4 to effect afeed motion thereof parallel to the axis of the Work.` This is effected when desired by the bo advance and retraction of the main carriage 23.,J For instance the carriage 24' is advanced whenever a push pin 2|5, (Figs. l, 2 and 19) carried by the main carriage 23, is aligned with a push plunger 2H' carried by the carriage 24', so as to engage the same and thereby -force the carriage 24' to travel with the main carriage. Upon the next return stroke of the main carriage, carriage 24' is returned against its \stop 355 under the yielding thrust of plunger 35'. The

carriage 24 is hunted in its advance by the stopv collar` 223', the hydraulic pressure on the plunger n ito 2 1" permitting the main'carriage to continue its advance after the advance of carriage 2li'Y has thus been positively arrested. A y

Either or both cross-slides 23 and 23" maybe fed 'either toward or from thel axis of the Work during either the advanced or return motion'of the main can'iage, by shifting either oi' the switch valves |33 or |33' in either direction from the 'neutral position shown in Fig. 19; 'I'his is accomplished automatically by the cam rails |59 and |59' carried by and movable with the main carriage. When either is elevated during the ad-A Vance o1 the main carriage the cylinder -15 or 'I3' of the corresponding cross slide is connected in series with the cylinder of the main carriage 23 and advances at a rate corresponding to the rate of advance of the main carriage. Whenever either of these valves is elevated during the return movement of the main carriage 23 the corl responding cross-slide is retracted in a similar manner. Similarly-when either of these valves' is lowered during the advance of the main carriage the corresponding cross-slide is retracted, and during the returnl movement of the main.

carriage the corresponding cross-slide is advanced. The advance o f each cross-slide is limited by an adjustable stop in the' form of a screwI 33-83' and coacting stop lug 34-`84\', and the return stroke ofl each is limited by a'replaceable collar 32-32' of appropriate length. 'I'he stroke of eachis short as compared with the stroke of themain carriage and each ordinarily-stalls at both ends of its stroke -before the correspond-v ing stroke of the main carriage is completed.

The main carriage is permitted to complete itsl 1 `stroke in every instance by' virtue of the relief valves |33 and |39 which bridge across the valves |33 and |33', respectively; These valves are set 5 to'open at pressures less than those required to open the two-way relief valve |33 bridged across the cylinder 53 of the main carriage. 1

The cam rail |59 shown in Fig. 19 is designed to eect an advance of the :cross-slide 23 toward the axis of the work when the main carriage23 is advancing and'to retract that crossslide during the return ofthe main carriage. So long asthe stem |52 of the valve |33 is riding on v the low portion of ca m |59 valve |33 remains inl neutral -position and the cross-slide is inactive,l

. and forth cross movement to the cross-slide 23' in addition to the movement imparted to it lby the movement of its carriage 24', back and forth along the ways 22. In this instance the advance 0f cross-slide 23' toward the axis of the work is initiated by the actionv of the stem |52' of valve |33', as the laterally bent end |33 thereof climbs up the inclined' end |34 of the gate |32, during the advance` of the rail |59' with the main carriage. `(See Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 19.) This cross- Islide then advances until arrested by the engagement of screw 33 with/stop 84'. f Thereafter the main carriage continues to advance, the -push pin 2|3 striking plunger 2|1f' o f the carriage 24' and advancing the carriage 24 and cross-slide 25 withit along the ways 22. This condition continues until the end |53 of the stem |52' drops through the opening' |3|.in the gate |52 thereby .shifting valve |33' intol the 'lower positiong of Fig. 1'7 and cause the cross-slide to begin a returnrstrokaaway from the work. This occurs as the main carriage reaches the forward limit .of its advance. -The return stroke of main carriage is then delayed by valve |29 which is closed by lever 203 and push pin 233 as already explained. This delay is timed by adjustment of needle valve |3| tobe suillcient to permit completion ofout-stroke cross-slide beforev the return stroke of the main carriage begins. When the carriage 23 begins`its return stroke the end |53 of the stem |52 rides upwardly from the depressed portion |3| of the cam |59' and passes underxthe end |34 of the gate onto the intermediate portion of the cam to thereby return-the valve, |33'- into the neutral position vof Fig.l 19.

lThe cross-slide then remains in its retracted po- 'sition' while the carriage 24 on which it lis mounted ret ns into positionagainst the stop 35. The cr s-slide 23' has thus been made to i I fromthe head stock. e

execute a picture-frame movementfiirst toward theaxis of the work, then parallel theretoA and toward the head stock,l then away yfrornfthe work, and finally.:parallel to thework and away It will also be noted that inthe machine shown both auxiliary turrets29 and 29 may be simultaneously indexed by rotating them Ithrough an angle of ninety degrees in one direction or the other under the control of valve 239, which may 15v shifted into the upper position of Fig. 19A this be automatically shifted into either of two positions during the return stroke of the main carriage 23 by the action of a push pin234 upon the cam end 235 of the control lever 236. When valve admits liquidA under pressure from pipe 243 to pipe 245 and pipes 69 and 69 to thereby energizethe hydraulic. motors 68 and 68 and effect rotation of both turrets in one directionthrough their respective worm and worm wheels 64Jand 63. The rotation of each is limited by the coactinglugs'1| and stops 12 (Fig. 9) andeachis locked in this position 'by the Worm and worm wheel land by the pressure in'- pipes 6`9-69"upon g5 the hydraulic motor 6668'. This new position .of each is ,retained until the valve 239 is returned into the 'lower position of Fig. 1 by the` action of another of the push pins 234, when the pressure pipe 243 is Rthereby connected to thepipes 246,

30 10 and 10and both turrets are reversely rotated o cally. -That'isr-the main oarriagel23 maybe through the same angle'and in a similar manner.

In 'caseswhere only one of the auxiliary turrets is to be indexed, appropriate shut oi valves 66 69' may be employed in thepipes leading to'that indexing motor which' it is not desired to operate.

It will be further noted that the` machine shown is capable of carrying out several successive stages of a complete cycle wholly automatimade to 4automatically lexecute five advance strokes and five return strokes, the first advance stroke being. initiated by the vattendant by lifting the knob\` 26| and elevating the roller |63 onto the top rail |89 of the plate |85. Thereafter the main carriage may vbe automatically reversed yin thel manner previouslydescribed at the end of eacl advance stroke and also automatically restarted at the end of each return stroke except the last. At the end of the last stroke it ordinarily remains at rest. Also the main turret 26 `is automatically indexed at the and of each" rel turn stroke. l Alsb the operating characteristics of the main if carriage 23, the .auxiliary carriages 24 and 24",

and the cross-slides 26 and 26' are predetermined for each stage by mechanism which is automati- 4cally reset during the return stroke of the next e preceding stage This mechanism'dncludes the' two shafts |55 and |11 which are carried by and `Withthe main carriage and which are indexed by Wand with'the main turret 26. Thus when it v,is desired `to delay the reversal of the main carriage at the end of. its advance a push pin 2| 4 isf 75 with the stop Vvrod 259, and the carriage remaining ao'ngsef I at rest whenever bushing `21 2 or 216 is so aligned. Also points sit which the motion of the main carriage 2311s changed during any advance stroke thereoiis` predetermined by the shape of the particular camv plate |6| which has been brought into coacting relationwith roller |83 by the`-inl dexing of drum |19 during the' previous return stroke Also the actual feed rateV during any .advance Iis predetermined by the lengths of the particular pair of push'pins 236 which have been aligned-with Ethe ends 232 of the wedge' bars |6| l Similarly either or7 both auxiliary carriages and 24' may be advanced and retracted during any stage whenever the previous indexing of-the head2|5 or 2|6 has aligned a push pin with one or both of the plungers 2i1 or 2|1; and either of the cross-slides 26 and 26' maybe either advanced or retracted toward or from the axis of L- the work dependentupon the particular cam |59 or |69' which has been brought into coacting relation with the stems of valves |33 and |33' by and` |62, by the previous indexing of'the headl l the previous indexing of the drum |64. Also the l auxiliary lturrets 29 and 29' ,may cr may not be indexed in preparation for the next stage depending upon the positioning of the pins 234 in the head 233. 1

When the cross-slide 26 is not functioning as a tool holder the piston 11 and cylinder 16 thereof may be used in the following 'manner to effect feed motion of the cross-slide 26 at'any of three different rates for each rate of discharge by the pump 89. For purposes ofl explanation let it be assumed that the internal bores of the main cylinder 66 and auxiliary cylinders 16 and 16' are qfvequal diameters4 and that the diameter of each piston rod 51, 16 and 18' is equal to one half'the'diameter of the cylinder bore. Then the resultantcross sectional area. of that end of each borecontaining ,the rod is only three quarters of the area of theother end thereof. When the valve |"33l' is in the intermediate position shown in Fig. 19 so that the cross-slide 26 is inactive, and the valve |33' is raised the cross-slidev 26'. is advanced at a definite rate dependent upon the rate of flow of liquid through pipes |32, |34l and 92.4 When the valve |33 is elevated (the valve |33- remaining'in elevated position) liquid, flowing at the same rate through pipe |32, enters vthe large end 'oi'eylinder 16 through pipe |45 and passage 3l, and, as the cross-slide 26 advances, liiiuid'discharged from the rod eird ofv cylinder 16 passes through passage 6|, pipes |44 and |34, valve |33', pipe |46', and passage 66'. to the large end of cylinder 16'. Since the area of the rod end of cylinder 16 is only three quar- 'ters the area of the large end thereof, the rate of liquid discharged from the rod end is only three quartersof the rate Aof .admission to the large end', so that when valvefl33. is thus elevated the rate. of flow through pipe |34 is only three quarters of what it was when the valve |33 was in neutral position. The cross-slide 26', thus advances at a rateA only three quarters as fast as when valve |33 is in neutral position. When `valve |33 is lowered the condition is'reversed. liquid beingadmitted to the small end of cylinder 16 from pipe-|32 and discharging from the large endl thereof through pipe |34 into 'the forward end of cylinder 1,6. Under this con-- dition the rateof discharge from the large end` Vof cylinder V16 isggreater than the4 rate of admission to the small end and the rateof flow in `75 'maticauy operable ,to connect other or.

increase the rate of-advance of the cross-slide f. 25. Thus for a given rate oi iiow oi' liquid in pipe l32, the cross-slide 26 will advance at one rate when valve |33 is in neutral position, at a slower rate when the valve |33 is elevated. and ata higher rate when the valve |33 is lowered.

Various changes may be made in the embodi-l ment of the invention hereinabove specifically Il, described without departing from or sacricing any of the advantages of-the invention as de-/ fined in the appended jclaims.

We claim: r 1. Ina machine tool or the like the combination of `a support, a carriage movable lengthwise thereof, hydraulically actuated means or driving said carriage, means including a pump-fed hydraulic circuit for driving said hydraulically actuated means, a cross-slide ymovable transversely of said support, a separate hydraulically/ actuated means for driving said cross-slide and means automatically operable to hydranglicallyv connect said last named hydraulically actuated means in series in said circuit to thereby eilect movement of said cross-slide lat a rate corresponding to the rate of ow in said circuit.

2. In a machine tool or the likethe combination of a support, a carriage movable lengthwise thereof, a' hydraulic motor foririving said carriage, means 'including a pump-fed hydraulic circuit fordriving said motor, means automatically operable to regulate the rate of iiow ins'aid circuit to thereby regulate the rate of movement of-said carriage, a cross-slide movable translversely of., saidy support, a, separate hydraulic motor for driving said cross-slide, and means automatically operable to hydraulically connect said l last named motor inwseries in said circuit to thereby effect movement oi said cross-slideat a rate corresponding to the rate of ow in said circuit.

3. In a machine tpo'l or the like the combination of a support, a carriage movable lengthwise thereof, a hydraulic motor for driving said carriage, means including a pump-fed hydraulic 45 circuit for driving said carriage, means controlled by said carriage for automatically,varyingv the rate of flow in said circuit duringmovement of said carriage to thereby vary the rate of movement thereof, a cross-slide movable transversely of said'support, a second hydraulic motor for driving said cross-slide, and means controlled by said carriage for automatically connecting and A 'disconnecting said'last named motor in series in said circuit. .f

4. Ina, machine tool or the like the combination of a support, a carriage movable lengthwise ofsaid' support, a.,hydraulic motor for f driving said carriage, means including a pump-fe hydraulic circuit for driving said motor, means automatically operable to vary the rate of ow in said circuit to thereby vary the rate of movement of said carriage, a cross-slide Amovable .transversely of said support, a hydraulicfmotor for driving said cross-slide, and means for connecting said last named motor in series in said circuit to ,thereby effect movement of said crossslide at afra'te corresponding to the rate of flow in said circuit. 5. In a machine tool or the like the combination of a plurality of movable carriers, separate hydraulic motors for driving-the same, means, includinga hydraulic circuit for driving. one of l said motors to effect movement oione of `said carriers at a regulated rate, and means .autosaid , l 1,3 motors in series in said circuit to thereby'eilect movement of other of said carriers at a. regulated rate. v 1

6. The combination of a plurality of hydraulic motors, means including .a hydraulic circuitA for i5 ,driving one oflsaid motors, means controlled by said last mentioned motor -for regulating the rate of flow in said circuit to therebyautomatically regulate the rate of operationofsaid motor, and

means for connectingthe other of said motors l0 in series in said circuit to effect operation thereof at rates corresponding to `the rates of ow therein. y 7. The combination of a hydraulic motor, a'

-member driven thereby, a hydraulic circuit for 15 driving said motor, means controlled by xsaid member for automatically regulating the rate of ilow in said circuit to thereby automatically regulate the rate of movement of said member, a second member, a second hydraulic motor for 20 driving the same, and means for connecting said (s. second motor in series in vsaid circuit to effect operation of said second member at rates corresponding to the rates of ow in said circuit.

- f 8. 'Ihe combination of a hydraulic motor, a 25 member odi-ivan thereby, a hydraulic circuit for driving said motor, means controlled by said member for automatically regulating the rate of; pw in s id circuit, a second member, a second hydrauli motor for driving the same. means for 30 `connecting said second motor in series in\said circuit to eiect movementv of said second member at rates corresponding to the rates of iow in said circuit, and a positivestop for limiting the movement of said second member. 35

9. The combination ofa hydraulic motor,l a member driven thereby, a hydraulic circuit for driving said motor, means automatically operable to regulate the rate oi flow in said circuit,

a second member, a second hydraulic motor for 40 f driving the same, means for connecting said second mot r in series in said circuit, means for arresting. t e, movement of said second member, and pressure responsive mechanism operable to v permit a continued ilow in said circuit upon arresting the movement of said second member.

l0. The combination of a member, a hydraulic motor for driving the same, a hydraulic circuit i'or driving said motor, a cylinder, a vdiierential piston therein, and means operable to connect and disconnect said cylinder in series in^said circuit in advance of said motorto thereby vary the rate oi operation of said motor.

1l. The combination of a member,a\hydrauli -motor for driving said member,a hydraulic circuit for driving said motor', a cylinder, a differential piston therein, and meansopera-ble to con-l nect and disconnect said cylinder in series in said circuit in advance of said motor td thereby vary the rate of operation of said motor, said means comprising a valve operable to reverse the cnnections between said circuit and cylinderto theebylfurther vary vthe rate of operation of sai motor.

f 12'. The combination of a member, a hydraulic 65 mtor ior driving said member, a hydraulic circuit for driving said motor at definite rates, a plurality of additional members, separate motors for driving said last named members, respectively, and means for connecting said last named motors in series in said circuit to thereby eiect' operation oi. saidlast named motorsat denite rates. 13. The combination oi a support, a carrier movable lengthwise thereof, a hydraulic lmotor for driving said carrier, .a hydraulic circuit for 

